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The opening passages of Parshat Vaâera reveal Hashem’s intention to free Israel from bondage in Mitzrayim. These declarations use the four “languages of redemption,” which are also found in the Pesach Seder. The Talmud Yerushalmi (Pesachim 10:1) suggests that these languages may have inspired the four cups of wine at the Seder. Rav Shimshon Rafael Hirsch connects these expressions with the four afflictions foretold to Avram at the Covenant between the Parts (Brit bein Habetarim). In the Mitzrayim exile, which serves as a model for all future exiles, Israel endures various forms of alienation and subjugation. The redemption from this exile, a prototype for future redemptions, involves the reversal and overcoming of each affliction through direct Divine intervention.
Rav Hirsch explains that these acts of negating the aspects of exile are miraculous and beyond natural forces’ capacity. Thus, Hashem emphasizes His role by declaring, “I am Hashem” (Shemot 6:6) – the sole performer of these acts.
At the Brit bein Habetarim, Hashem told Avram (Bereishit 15:13) about his descendants’ future as strangers in a strange land, enslaved and tormented. Rav Hirsch highlights three principal aspects of exile, with the final expression “and I will take” signifying the end of exile and the nation’s deliverance. These aspects – alienation, enslavement, and torment – are each addressed through Divine intervention.
The first language, “VeHotzeti,” signifies Hashem’s intention to remove Israel from the land where they are unwelcome strangers. The second, “VeHitzalti,” symbolizes liberation from cruelty and abuse. The third, “geulah,” represents Hashem’s role as Redeemer for a nation without a close relative to advocate for them. The final language, “VeLakachti etchem Li la’am,” highlights the unique bond between Israel and Hashem as a nation designated for His service.
Rav Hirsch emphasizes that Israel’s identity as a nation stems from the relationship with Hashem, setting them apart from other nations or religions. Through the Exodus from Mitzrayim, Hashem establishes a lasting bond with Israel, designating them as His chosen people for eternity.