Jewish Word // “Zaftig”

A Comprehensive History

by Hilary Weissman, with additional reporting by Sala Levin

For a brief overview of the complexities surrounding the word zaftig, one can refer to the Los Angeles Jewish Home’s online video where residents discuss its meaning. Charlotte Seeman describes zaftig as being “a little bit on the heavy side,” prompting a discussion about its implications. From being perceived as attractive and appealing to suggestions of neglect, the interpretations vary among individuals.

The debate surrounding zaftig primarily revolves around its connotations of voluptuousness or being curvaceous in a sensual manner, akin to iconic figures like Marilyn Monroe or Joan Harris from Mad Men. However, there is also a less flattering interpretation that associates the term with being overweight. According to Lori Lefkovitz, a professor of Jewish studies, the meaning of zaftig can differ based on the context in which it is used.

In traditional Yiddish, zaftig originally had no connection to describing women’s bodies. It originated from the German word saftig, meaning “juicy” or “succulent,” and was primarily used in relation to food and taste. Eddy Portnoy, a Yiddish language and literature instructor, explains that the term could also extend to abstract concepts, signifying richness or pleasure in various contexts.

The transition of zaftig to refer to women’s bodies is attributed to the Americanization of Yiddish language. Lefkovitz notes that associating women with food-related descriptors like “juicy” or “succulent” reflects a cultural trend of objectifying and sexualizing female bodies.

The word zaftig often carries implicit sexual undertones. Various authors and experts have highlighted its sensual implications, with references to hourglass figures and desirable attributes. The evolving standards of beauty have influenced how the term is perceived, shifting from a positive attribute to a euphemism for overweight.

Marjorie Garber, a Harvard professor, delves into the ambiguity of the term in her essay “Moniker,” examining the complex perceptions surrounding figures like Monica Lewinsky. The enduring popularity of zaftig in American English can be attributed to its unique qualities that lack direct equivalents in English, as well as its nostalgic associations with the past.

Interestingly, the word zaftig has transcended cultural boundaries and gained popularity among non-Jewish individuals as well. Its allure and distinctiveness have made it a notable choice, as seen in the naming of Zaftig Brewing Company, reflecting a sense of full-bodied richness and appeal.